Industrial+Revolution

__**KEY PEOPLE: Nice list**__ 1. Which of the following was not a reason for the Industrial Revolution in England?
 * **Causes** || **Epistemologies** the help us understand key perspectives or thinking that went into the Revolution || **Critical Events &key people** || **Impacts** (immediate /long term on Europe ||
 * * Agricultural revolution in the 18th century - changes in the methods of farming and stock breeding led to a significant increase in food production.
 * Rapid growth in population in the second half of the 18th century led to a surplus of labor for the new factories of the emerging British industry.
 * Britian had a ready supply of capital for investment in the new industrial machines and factories. Also, Britian possessed an effective central bank and well-developed, flexible credit facilities.
 * Britian had ample supplies of important mineral resources, such as coal and iron ore.
 * Britian had favorable laws for private enterprise and the government provided a good buisness climate in which trade prospered. || * **Baconian Philosophy-** observation of natural phenomena and and accumulating data
 * **Utilitarianism** - belief in the greatest good for the greatest number of people
 * **Feminism** - gender equality in opportunity, legal rights and voting
 * **Capitalism** - privately owned companies operated for private profit
 * **Communism** - a classless and stateless society with neither wage labor nor privately owned companies
 * **Socialism** - economic theory on common ownership of companies
 * **Bullionism** - wealth is defined by the amount of precious metals owned || The first inovation of the Industrial Revolution occured in 1708 when Jethro Tull invented a mechanical seed drill that made weeding much more efficient. Inventions of new machines and improvement of the production process in the 18th century made large-scale production possible in textile manufacturing and coal mining. Thomas Newcomen's use of fossil fuels in the first successful steam engine in 1712 revolutionized transportation. Plentiful coal boosted iron production and fave rise to heavy industry. In 1793, Eli Whitney invented the cotten gin, which seperated seed from raw materials and thus increased the productivity of farmers everywhere. The steamship (Robert Fulton in 1807) and the railroad steam engine (George Stephenson in 1829) further enhanced the already efficient transportation system that had emerged in the 18th century. A railroad building boom occured from 1830-50, bringing massive social and economic changes to the country. The refinement of petroleum allowed for the fueling of newly developed internal combustion engines, propelling automobiles, locomotives and ships by the end of 19th century.
 * === **Jeremy Bentham** used the philosophy of **utilitarianism** to influence the Industrial revolution by leading city planners and city reformers to redesign European cities and initiate a public health movement ===
 * ** Adam Smith ** - "Weath of Nations" became the bible for capitalism and is the foundation for laissez-faire economics
 * **Thomas Malthus** - As population grew at an exponential rate, supply increase steadily. The mass population did not benefit from the "natural laws" of economics
 * **David Ricardo** - "Iron Law of Wages" is the basis for the balance of population and wages in an economy
 * **Karl Marx** - "Communist Manifesto" was the basis for communism || * Very significant was the invention of modern machinery, not only setting off a wave of innovation throughout Europe, but allowing for greatly increased production and availability of manufactured goods. This led to decreased prices, as well as more jobs, but unfortunately living conditions would become horrid in many areas, forcing many to live in squalor and poverty.
 * With the draw of urbanization as the industrial age continued, cities grew exponentially and rural lands once used communally were increasingly privately owned.
 * The increased need for money and factory workers in unsafe environments would lead to many civil-rights violations, such as the use of very young children working machinery for long hours, and increased demand for governmental regulation of safety.
 * The development of industry led to the creation of classes such as the factory workers and industrial capitalists, as changes in the market to an increasingly competitive atmosphere created the need for more new innovations and a battery of workers to support the visions of these inventors. ||

A. Agricultural changes in farming and stock B. Rapid growth in population C. Supply of capital for investment D. An increased army E. Favorable governmental laws